5/1/2023 0 Comments Amphetamine abuseOriginal RCTs were included if the control groups had no treatment or received treatment as usual. BCBT refers to teaching patients to identify, evaluate and respond to their dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs and use a number of techniques to change thinking, mood and behaviours in less than ten session of psychotherapy. BCBT needed to be conducted in agreement with the principles of Baker and colleagues’ treatment guide. Any type of pharmacological treatment for an amphetamine problem was acceptable for study inclusion. Randomised clinical or controlled trials (RCTs) were selected if they were related to one of the study aims. The diagnosis of an amphetamine problem (abuse, dependence or use disorder) needed to be confirmed according to a validated measure such as different versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Persian was selected as another language for the inclusion of the abstracts and papers in this study, especially for searching in Iranian journals databases. Papers needed to be published either in English or have a published abstract in English. In the last step, 22 studies were excluded due to the reasons explained in Fig. In the second step, 2541 studies were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria. 1, in the first step, 13,955 studies were excluded because they were not related to the study aims. Figure Figure1 1 shows the progress of systematic searching. The reference lists of included studies were hand searched for more studies. Searching online databases was based on medical subject headings and free-text terms relating to amphetamines (see Appendix). Then, Persian scientific databases were searched including Iran Medex, Magiran and the Scientific Information Database. The following electronic libraries (January 2001 to March 2019) were searched: Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group’s Specialised Register of Trials, Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus and PsychINFO. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for conducting the review. The current systematic review aims to address these two gaps in the research literature. In other words, it is not documented how BCBT is efficacious for treating amphetamine abuse/use disorder alone or in combination with pharmacological treatments in other countries. To date, there is no systematic review to specifically show the efficacy of BCBT for treating amphetamines abusers in the world. To date, there are no systematic reviews that specifically show the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments alone or in combination with BCBT in treating Iranian amphetamine abusers. Furthermore, using pharmacological treatments combined with BCBT is applicable to a broad range of patients due to the practical techniques and skills that such therapies impart to patients. Moreover, high quality in implementing the treatment can be ensured due to tailoring the treatment to the needs of each individual. Pharmacological treatments combined with BCBT remain cost-effective for drug treatment systems, due to the limited number of treatment sessions and the efficacy of use. Therefore, brief cognitive-behavioural therapy (BCBT) has been introduced by Baker and colleagues for treating amphetamines abuse/use disorder to overcome these operational barriers to implementation. Finally, the accessibility of such treatments remains difficult for a large proportion of patients in the community. Secondly, most long-term behavioural interventions need intensive staff training and/or client supervision. Firstly, such behavioural interventions remain unaffordable for most patients. However, using long-term behavioral interventions with pharmacological treatments has several important operational barriers to implementation. There are some suggested pharmacological medications for treating amphetamines abuse which may be used alone or in combination with long-term behavioral interventions. In addition, amphetamines abuse remains a health concern in Iran and has impacted some Iranian populations. Amphetamine abuse has been also recently reported among Iranian illicit drug abusers. After cannabis, amphetamines are the most commonly consumed illicit substances in the world. Amphetamines including methamphetamine (MA) are a global health problem and there is concern that amphetamines abuse will continue, despite awareness of multiple harms.
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